Under the dual influence of shrinking external demand and declining domestic economic growth, some industries in China are suffering from serious overcapacity, and some industries are in an overall loss state. Especially in some scale economy industries, the problems of high production capacity, high inventory, high cost, low demand, low price and low benefit are very prominent. The situation has drawn great attention from the country, and authorities say a series of new policies to effectively reduce overcapacity have completed research and are in the final stage of deliberation.
Overcapacity has become the cancer of China's industrial economy. In addition to the traditional iron and steel, cement, plate glass, coal chemical industry, shipbuilding and other industries, nitrogen, calcium carbide, alkali, methanol, plastic and other chemical products, copper smelting, lead and zinc smelting non-ferrous industry and some machinery manufacturing industry at present is a downturn, production overcapacity, polysilicon, wind power equipment, even emerging industries such as new material is a serious excess capacity.
"Excess capacity is a normal phenomenon in a market economy, and a certain degree of excess is also conducive to market competition and efficiency. However, serious overcapacity will disrupt the normal market order and lead to a series of problems that must be guided, restrained and resolved in a timely and effective manner." "Said Zhu Hongren, chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
In addition to the factors of external demand contraction, the underlying reasons for the prominent excess capacity in many industries in China are the unreasonable industrial structure and backward development mode. In addition, some local governments have taken an indiscriminate approach to expand GDP and used public resources such as land concessions and tax incentives to guide investors into the already overheated investment sector, resulting in excessive and disorderly expansion of production capacity.
"At present, overcapacity has caused a sharp decline in the benefits of industries and enterprises, and increased the risks of economic operation." Feng Fei, head of the industrial economic research department of the Development Research Center of The State Council, said that to resolve overcapacity, the transfer of land and mineral resources should be open, transparent and reasonable, especially. Second, to promote bankruptcy and corporate restructuring. "The exit mechanism should be accelerated with the help of energy conservation and emission reduction, and more economic means such as differential electricity prices, gas prices, water prices and excessive regulatory assistance should be used to solve the problem. In addition, the promotion of technological transformation should be further encouraged, and investment should be directed to upgrading existing production capacity rather than incremental expansion."
In cement industry, for example, vice President of China building materials federation and China cement association, vice President of Xu Yongmo thinks, the cement industry in the short term explosive growth is typical of repeated construction, not only caused the excess capacity, and makes the enterprise technology, the scale between homogeneity phenomenon is serious, it also exacerbated by backward the difficulty of the adjustment of industrial structure. "From a technical point of view, homogenization is the current characteristics of China's cement industry. Many people usually pay attention to the important cause of overcapacity caused by overinvestment, but few people pay attention to the problem of technological homogenization."
"It is no longer possible to simply expand production capacity with repeated investment at a low level. We must raise the technological and environmental threshold and improve the quality of development. Local governments should give higher priority to restructuring and transforming the growth model and stop blindly expanding capacity." Zhu hongren said.
In 2012, a total of 19 industrial sectors were set targets to eliminate outdated production capacity. Among them, 10 million tons of iron making, 7.8 million tons of steel making, 219 million tons of cement (clinker and mill), 47 million weight boxes of plate glass, 9.7 million tons of paper making, 2.8 billion meters of printing and dyeing, and 20 million kVA lead batteries. "The elimination of outdated production capacity is also a heavy task this year." Solve overcapacity conflicts, "said zhu hongren is a complicated huge system engineering, we will according to digest a batch, transfer a batch, integration of a batch of, an unspecified number of total train of thought, the iron and steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, plate glass, shipbuilding and other industries as a breakthrough point, through the 'control increment and stock of the way, the combination of policies to guide and the combination of market regulation, We should combine innovation in systems and mechanisms with improved policies and measures. We should make full use of the forced mechanism created by the international financial crisis and step up efforts to achieve tangible results as soon as possible."
